World Conflicts Monitor
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Israel-Hezbollah
ActiveTensions between Israel and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah led to significant escalation in 2023-2024. After a series of devastating Israeli attacks crippled Hezbollah's capabilities and killed its leader, both sides agreed to a ceasefire.
For years, Hezbollah attacked Israel from Lebanon. When violence flared in 2023, Israel struck back forcefully, destroying Hezbollah's communication systems and rockets. The conflict intensified until November 2024, when US and French mediators brokered a 60-day ceasefire.
While the ceasefire holds, the situation remains fragile. Both sides report violations, and the underlying tensions persist as Hezbollah withdraws north and Israel pulls back from southern Lebanon.
Key Events
US-France Brokered Ceasefire
A 60-day ceasefire agreement takes effect, requiring Hezbollah to move north of Litani River and Israel to withdraw from southern Lebanon, with control transferred to Lebanese army and UN peacekeepers.
Israel Assassinates Hezbollah Leader
Israel launches an airstrike that kills Hezbollah's long-time leader, Hassan Nasrallah, leaving the organization temporarily leaderless.
Massive Israeli Airstrikes on Lebanon
Israel carries out unprecedentedly massive airstrikes across Lebanon, reportedly destroying thousands of Hezbollah's rockets and missiles.
Hezbollah Fires Rockets at Israel
Hezbollah fires around 115 rockets into Israel, with many aimed at the city of Haifa, in retaliation for the attacks on their communications.
Hezbollah Communication Devices Destroyed
Israel carries out surprise attacks that destroy thousands of Hezbollah's communication devices, crippling their coordination capabilities.
Israel Expands War Objectives
Israel's security cabinet officially adds the safe return of 60,000 evacuated civilians as a war objective against Hezbollah.
Hamas Attacks Spark Conflict
Hamas attacks in Israel prompt Hezbollah to begin firing rockets into northern Israel, leading to the evacuation of 60,000 Israelis from the border area.
Full Analysis
The conflict between Israel and Hezbollah has been simmering for decades, with the two sides engaged in a complex and at times violent power struggle in the Middle East.
Israel is a country located in the Middle East, founded in 1948 as a homeland for the Jewish people. It has been in conflict with its neighboring Arab states and Palestinian groups for much of its history. Hezbollah, on the other hand, is a powerful Shia Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon, a country bordering Israel to the north.
Hezbollah was formed in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War, with the goal of resisting the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. For years, Hezbollah has been a thorn in Israel's side, engaging in cross-border attacks and building up a formidable arsenal of rockets and missiles aimed at Israel.
The current escalation of the conflict can be traced back to October 2023, when the Palestinian militant group Hamas launched attacks against Israel. In solidarity, Hezbollah began firing rockets into northern Israel, prompting the evacuation of around 60,000 Israeli civilians from the border area. This marked the start of a renewed period of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
In mid-September 2024, Israel's security cabinet officially expanded its war objectives to include the safe return of those evacuated Israeli civilians. This was seen as a direct challenge to Hezbollah, which had been preventing their return through its rocket attacks.
In response, Israel launched a series of devastating attacks against Hezbollah. First, it carried out surprise strikes that destroyed thousands of Hezbollah's communication devices, crippling the group's ability to coordinate its operations. Then, Israel unleashed massive airstrikes across Lebanon, reportedly destroying much of Hezbollah's rocket and missile arsenal.
The culmination of these attacks came on September 27th, when Israel assassinated Hezbollah's long-time leader, Hassan Nasrallah, leaving the organization temporarily leaderless. This was a huge blow to Hezbollah, which had been led by Nasrallah for nearly three decades.
Despite these setbacks, Hezbollah has remained defiant, continuing to fire rockets into Israel in an apparent attempt to pressure Israel to withdraw from the Gaza Strip and cease its attacks. This has put the two sides on a collision course, with the likelihood of a full-scale Israeli ground invasion of southern Lebanon seeming increasingly possible.
The complex history and geopolitical factors underlying the Israel-Hezbollah conflict make a diplomatic solution extremely difficult to achieve. Both sides have entrenched positions and strong incentives to continue the confrontation. The risk of the situation spiraling into an all-out regional war is therefore very real, with potentially catastrophic consequences for the entire Middle East.